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3.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(7): 440-445, sept. 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-166248

RESUMO

Introducción: El aumento de homocisteína en sangre constituye un conocido factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Los pacientes epilépticos en tratamiento crónico con fármacos antiepilépticos pueden presentar niveles más elevados de homocisteína y, en consecuencia, un potencial aumento del riesgo cardiovascular. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional de casos y controles para la comparación de los niveles plasmáticos de homocisteína, ácido fólico y vitamina B12. Resultados: Se reclutó a un total de 88 sujetos, 52 de ellos epilépticos y 36 controles. Se observó una tendencia a niveles de homocisteína más elevados (p=0,084) en los pacientes epilépticos y unos valores de ácido fólico más bajos (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Por su potencial efecto como factor de riesgo cardiovascular, es importante prestar atención a los niveles de homocisteína en los pacientes epilépticos en tratamiento crónico con fármacos antiepilépticos y en caso de encontrar niveles elevados sugerimos la instauración de tratamiento específico (AU)


Introduction: Increased blood homocysteine levels are a known cardiovascular risk factor. Epileptic patients on long-term treatment with antiepileptic drugs may present higher homocysteine levels and, consequently, a potential increase in cardiovascular risk. Material and methods: We conducted an observational case-control study to compare plasma levels of homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12. Results: Our study included a total of 88 subjects: 52 patients with epilepsy and 36 controls. Epileptic patients showed higher homocysteine levels (P=.084) and lower levels of folic acid (P<.05). Conclusion: Homocysteine levels should be monitored in epileptic patients on long-term treatment with antiepileptic drugs. We suggest starting specific treatment in patients with high homocysteine levels (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Homocisteína/sangue , Vitamina B 12/sangue , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/complicações , Biomarcadores/análise , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia
4.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(7): 463-468, sept. 2017. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-166251

RESUMO

Introducción: La epigenética se define como el estudio de los mecanismos que regulan la expresión génica sin modificar la secuencia de ADN, siendo entre ellos el más conocido la metilación del ADN. La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad de etiología no del todo conocida, en la que se plantea que la participación de factores ambientales sobre individuos con una determinada predisposición genética, pueden resultar claves para el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Es en esta intersección entre la predisposición genética y los factores ambientales donde la metilación del ADN puede desempeñar un papel patogénico. Desarrollo: Realizamos una revisión bibliográfica de los efectos que los factores de riesgo ambiental para el desarrollo de EM pueden ejercer sobre los distintos mecanismos epigenéticos, así como la implicación que presentan dichas modificaciones en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Conclusión: El conocimiento de las modificaciones epigenéticas involucradas en la patogenia de la EM abre una nueva vía de investigación para la identificación de potenciales biomarcadores, así como para la búsqueda de nuevas dianas terapéuticas (AU)


Introduction: Epigenetics is defined as the study of the mechanisms that regulate gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. The best known is DNA methylation. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease with no entirely known etiology, in which it is stated that the involvement of environmental factors on people with a genetic predisposition, may be key to the development of the disease. It is at this intersection between genetic predisposition and environmental factors where DNA methylation may play a pathogenic role. Development: A literature review of the effects of environmental risk factors for the development of MS can have on the different epigenetic mechanisms as well as the implication that such changes have on the development of the disease. Conclusion: Knowledge of epigenetic modifications involved in the pathogenesis of MS, opens a new avenue of research for identification of potential biomarkers, as well as finding new therapeutic targets (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Esclerose Múltipla/genética , Metilação de DNA/genética , Epigênese Genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Vitamina B 12/metabolismo , Homocisteína/metabolismo , Metionina/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações
5.
Neurologia ; 32(7): 463-468, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25976949

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Epigenetics is defined as the study of the mechanisms that regulate gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. The best known is DNA methylation. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease with no entirely known etiology, in which it is stated that the involvement of environmental factors on people with a genetic predisposition, may be key to the development of the disease. It is at this intersection between genetic predisposition and environmental factors where DNA methylation may play a pathogenic role. DEVELOPMENT: A literature review of the effects of environmental risk factors for the development of MS can have on the different epigenetic mechanisms as well as the implication that such changes have on the development of the disease. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of epigenetic modifications involved in the pathogenesis of MS, opens a new avenue of research for identification of potential biomarkers, as well as finding new therapeutic targets.


Assuntos
Metilação de DNA/genética , Epigênese Genética , Esclerose Múltipla/genética , Neurologia , Meio Ambiente , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Esclerose Múltipla/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Risco , Fumar , Deficiência de Vitamina D
6.
Neurologia ; 32(7): 440-445, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27091678

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Increased blood homocysteine levels are a known cardiovascular risk factor. Epileptic patients on long-term treatment with antiepileptic drugs may present higher homocysteine levels and, consequently, a potential increase in cardiovascular risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted an observational case-control study to compare plasma levels of homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12. RESULTS: Our study included a total of 88 subjects: 52 patients with epilepsy and 36 controls. Epileptic patients showed higher homocysteine levels (P=.084) and lower levels of folic acid (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Homocysteine levels should be monitored in epileptic patients on long-term treatment with antiepileptic drugs. We suggest starting specific treatment in patients with high homocysteine levels.


Assuntos
Epilepsia , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Homocisteína/sangue , Vitamina B 12/sangue , Adulto , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Carbamazepina/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Hiper-Homocisteinemia , Masculino , Fatores de Risco
8.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 30(2): 111-118, mar. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-134170

RESUMO

Introducción: La epigenética es el estudio de los cambios heredables en el ADN sin afectar a las secuencia de nucleótidos. Entre los mecanismos de regulación epigenética, los más estudiados y conocidos hasta la fecha son la metilación del ADN, la modificación de las histonas y los ARN no codificantes. Mediante estos mecanismos se regula la expresividad génica y la alteración de los mismos puede llevar al desarrollo de patologías. Desarrollo: Describimos los principales mecanismos de regulación epigenética y realizamos una revisión de la bibliografía reciente sobre los mecanismos de regulación epigenética y su implicación en distintos síndromes epilépticos. Conclusión: La identificación de los mecanismos epigenéticos implicados en la epilepsia constituye una prometedora vía de investigación para profundizar en el conocimiento de la fisiopatología y terapéutica de esta enfermedad


Introduction: Epigenetics is the study of heritable modifications in gene expression that do not change the DNA nucleotide sequence. Some of the most thoroughly studied epigenetic mechanisms at present are DNA methylation, post-transcriptional modifications of histones, and the effect of non-coding RNA molecules. Gene expression is regulated by means of these mechanisms and disruption of these molecular pathways may elicit development of diseases. Development: We describe the main epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and review the most recent literature about epigenetic mechanisms and how those mechanisms are involved in different epileptic syndromes. Conclusion: Identifying the epigenetic mechanisms involved in epilepsy is a promising line of research that will deliver more in-depth knowledge of epilepsy pathophysiology and treatments


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Epigênese Genética , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/genética , Histonas , RNA , MicroRNAs
10.
Neurologia ; 30(2): 111-8, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24851699

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Epigenetics is the study of heritable modifications in gene expression that do not change the DNA nucleotide sequence. Some of the most thoroughly studied epigenetic mechanisms at present are DNA methylation, post-transcriptional modifications of histones, and the effect of non-coding RNA molecules. Gene expression is regulated by means of these mechanisms and disruption of these molecular pathways may elicit development of diseases. DEVELOPMENT: We describe the main epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and review the most recent literature about epigenetic mechanisms and how those mechanisms are involved in different epileptic syndromes. CONCLUSION: Identifying the epigenetic mechanisms involved in epilepsy is a promising line of research that will deliver more in-depth knowledge of epilepsy pathophysiology and treatments.


Assuntos
Epigênese Genética , Epilepsia/genética , Animais , Metilação de DNA , Histonas/genética , Humanos
11.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(supl.5): s25-s32, 3 oct., 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-150362

RESUMO

Introducción. Conforme avanza la enfermedad de Parkinson aparecen diversas complicaciones motoras y no motoras que suponen un impacto en la calidad de vida del paciente. Se definen las fluctuaciones motoras como la alternancia entre periodos con buena movilidad (on) con respuesta adecuada a la medicación y periodos con reaparición de síntomas parkinsonianos (off) con respuesta subóptima a la medicación. Objetivos. El objetivo de esta revisión es repasar los sistemas de prevención y estrategias de manejo farmacológico por vía oral de las fluctuaciones motoras asociadas al tratamiento crónico con levodopa. Desarrollo. El manejo de las fluctuaciones motoras comienza por realizar una correcta identificación y caracterización de las mismas. Conviene evitar retraso del vaciado gástrico e instaurar en algunos casos dietas de restricción y redistribución proteica. El manejo del deterioro de fin de dosis persigue como objetivo prolongar el estímulo dopaminérgico. Para ello se dispone de diferentes estrategias farmacológicas como son la optimización del tratamiento con levodopa mediante la modificación de la posología y el cambio de formulación de la levodopa y terapia añadida con fármacos, por un lado con los que limitan la degradación de dopamina como los inhibidores de la COMT y los inhibidores de la MAO y por otro lado con agonistas dopaminérgicos. Conclusiones. El manejo farmacológico de las fluctuaciones motoras que aparecen en la EP avanzada es complejo, requiere una adecuada identificación de la situación motora y no motora del paciente a lo largo del día para adecuar la estrategia terapéutica a su situación (AU)


Introduction. As Parkinson's disease develops, several different motor and non-motor complications appear that have an impact on the patient’s quality of life. Motor fluctuations are defined as the alternation between periods with good mobility (on) and an adequate response to medication, and periods with the reappearance of parkinsonian symptoms (off), with a suboptimal response to medication. Aims. The aim of this review is to examine the systems of prevention and pharmacological (oral administration) strategies for the management of the motor fluctuations associated with chronic treatment with levodopa. Development. The management of motor fluctuations begins by correctly identifying and characterising them. It is advisable to avoid delaying gastric emptying and in some cases protein-redistribution and restricted diets should be established. Management of the wear-off effect is aimed at prolonging the dopaminergic stimulus. This can be achieved by means of different pharmacological strategies, such as optimisation of the levodopa treatment by modifying the dosage. Another possibility is to change the formulation of the levodopa and adjunctive therapy with drugs that limit the degradation of dopamine, like COMT inhibitors and MAO inhibitors, on the one hand, and with dopamine agonists, on the other. Conclusions. The pharmaceutical management of the motor fluctuations that appear in advanced PD is complex and requires an adequate identification of the patient’s motor and non-motor situation throughout the day in order to be able to match the therapeutic strategy to his or her situation (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras/patologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Levodopa/administração & dosagem , Agonistas de Dopamina/administração & dosagem , Tremor/genética , Hipocinesia/patologia , Terapêutica/métodos , Dieta/classificação , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras/diagnóstico , Qualidade de Vida , Levodopa/provisão & distribuição , Agonistas de Dopamina/metabolismo , Tremor/patologia , Hipocinesia/complicações , Terapêutica/normas , Dieta/normas
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